This page contains tons of help. I have all the resources I know of on the electric arc and clothing and many of the burn resources. The ones you can link to are linked and the others are cited. There is no attempt to circumvent copyrighted materials.
For help on the electric arc from Hugh Hoagland to help assess your industry needs for protective clothing. Call Hugh at 502-314-7158 or email him at hugh@arcwear.com.
Software
Click here (FRC vs normal winterwear FILE SIZE: 2.77MB) to download the arc test video of a traditional cotton winter jacket with melting lining beside an Indura®
UltraSoft® FR cotton duck jacket with an
FR Victor Woolens wool lining. The electric arc was 8kA for 30 cycles 12 in. arc and 12 in distance to mannequins.
Click here (ArcLite vs melting FR rainwear FILE SIZE: 3.09MB) to download the arc test video of
ArcLite ProSeries raingear beside an FR melting rainwear. Notice the flaming droplets coming off of the FR melting rainwear. The electric arc was 8kA for 20 cycles 12 in. arc and 12 in distance to mannequins.
IEEE PCIC Subcommittee has a training page for Arc Flash Hazard and offers a video and CD ROM training package (Click here)
Duke Power's Heat Flux Calculator (26KB
Zip file of Flux.exe.)
If you need WinZip to decompress this file you can click here to go to their homepage for this shareware.
The program
runs on Vista even! This freeware is offered with no claims from Hoagland Consulting or Duke Power to help you assess your potential for electrical arc.
Enter:
amps of ground fault available,
expected duration of the arc in cycles,
expected length of the arc,
distance of the worker from the arc
and system voltage
and this DOS program will give you the predicted incident energy in cal/cm². You can then get assistance from OSHA or a company offering arc thermal performance value (ATPV) data on their clothing in choosing your clothing.
ArcPro by Ontario Hydro software is with its more user friendly interface and actual clothing data is available from HD Electric. ArcPro assessments can be printed and offer clothing data to support clothing decisions based on non-FR
clothing and FR clothing. This program also allows the user to quickly change the distance from the arc without reentry of data.
Colorful user friendly interface
Allows user to quickly change the distance from the arc without reentry of data
Allows saving of scenarios
Based on an arc model
Predicts energies for copper or stainless steel electrodes
Contains arc testing data based on the APPA testing for several weights and colors of non FR
cotton and substantial amount of FR data.
Allows addition of your own ignition data
ArcPro software available in the US from HD Electric at
847-473-4980 for more information click here for the
ArcPro
Page
or e-mail
Kim Huggins at HD
Electric
Bussman's
Arc Flash Calculator
Publications
Electric Arc Protection Articles and Books
Hugh Hoagland articles with hyperlink are available online in Acrobat Format or HTML for your browser. Right Click to save or just click to read them. If you need Acrobat Reader link below.
Arc
Flash Safety: Know Which Standard You Should Be Using,
Hugh Hoagland, Industrial Safety & Hygiene News, July 2007
Disposable FR Garments: What Are the Differences?,
Hugh Hoagland, Occupational Health and Safety
Magazine, May 2007
Top Five PPE Mistakes: Identifying PPE Mistakes in Electric
Arc Flash Programs, Hugh Hoagland, Incident Prevention
Magazine, Sept-Oct. 2006
Cleanroom
Arc Thermal and Flame Resistant Garments, Jan Eudy,
Controlled Environments Magazine, May 2006
Preventing Arc Flash Injuries, Jim White, Occupational
Hazards, March 2006
BNL
interpretation on 2* as hood with balaclava citing our study
for Salisbury
Fashion Incubator recognizes the Flame Resistant Bra
Fire Resistant Bra Developed in Canada, Beverly Johnson,
Canadian Apparel Magazine, May/June 2006
Arc Flash
Protection: The NFPA 70E-2004 Standard Clearly States Ways
to Protect Workers from Arc Flash Dangers, Hugh Hoagland,
Contractor Tools and Supplies Magazine, September 2005
A Far Better 70E, Hugh Hoagland, Bill Shinn, Victoria
Reed, Occupational
Health and Safety Magazine August, 2004
Protecting Workers, Saving Lives: The OSHA Apparel Standard
1994 to Today, Hugh Hoagland and Victoria Reed,
Electrical Energy Magazine, March/April 2004.
Covered When It Counts, Jeff Morris Electrical
Contractor and Engineering News,
Buss
New Safety BASICsTM Handbook for Electrical Safety - Edition
2
Buss
Arcing Flash/Blast Review with Safety Suggestions for Design
and Maintenance
Buss
Staged Tests Increase Awareness of Arc-Flash Hazards in
Electrical Equipment
Buss
The Use Of Low Voltage Current Limiting Fuses To Reduce Arc
Flash Energy
Buss
Using Current-Limiting Fuses to Reduce Hazards Due to
Electrical Arc-Flashes
Facing Up to the Arc Challenge
by Hugh Hoagland, Bruce
Sannar, Kent Givens, John Winn, and Luciana Galo,
Occupational Health and
Safety Magazine
Looks to Live For, Hugh Hoagland, Electrical Contracting
and Engineering News, January 2003
Arc Hazards: Life Threatening But Preventable,
Cindy Simonetti, Electrical Contracting and
Engineering News, December 2002
Falling to Pieces, Hugh Hoagland
Utility Safety
Magazine, June 2002
Minimizing Burn Injury: Electric Arc Hazard Assessment and
Personnel Protection, By Richard L. Doughty, Thomas E. Neal,
Genevieve M. Laverty and Hugh Hoagland,
IEEE Industry
Applications Magazine, May/June 2002 Issue, pp. 18-25.
Myths and Facts on Complying with NFPA 70E's Clothing
Requirements By Hugh Hoagland
Electrical
Contracting & Engineering News, February, 2002.
IBEW FR Clothing Survey
2001 from IBEW Utility Conference
Electric
Arc Hazards and Clothing
By
Hugh Hoagland, Dr. Tom Neal and Stephen Cress, Electric
Energy, Fall 2001
STOMPING OUT Step Potential Hugh Hoagland, Utility Safety, February, 2001.
A History of Protective Clothing, Hugh Hoagland & Claude Maurice,
Utility Safety, October 2000.
The Right Stuff, Hugh Hoagland,
Occupational Health & Safety, October 2000
Clothed for Safety: Flame Resistance Makes Sense, Cathy Morin August 1999
Utility Safety
Flame Resistant Clothing Heats Up, John Scholz,
Utility Safety, December 1998
Minimize Arc-Burn Incidents, Hugh Hoagland,
Electrical Contracting & Engineering Magazine, June 1998
IEEE Guide for Maintenance, Operation, and Safety of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (The Yellow Book), IEEE Standard # 902-1998, December, 1998. Examples of arc accidents and extensive engineering information on arcs and electrical safety. A must for engineers and safety personnel.
Direct link to purchase the Yellow Book in the print or
PDF format is below.
Predicting Incident Energy to Better Manage the Electric Arc Hazard on 600V Power Distribution Systems, Richard L. Doughty, Dr. Thomas Neal, H. Landis Floyd, II, IEEE Paper # PCIC-98-34, 1998.
How We Can Better Learn From Electrical Accidents, Mary Capelli-Schellpfeffer, MD, H. Landis Floyd, II, Kim Eastwood, Danny P. Liggett, IEEE Paper # PCIC-98-34, 1998.
Key Elements Of An Electrical Safety Program, Shahid Jamil, Ray Jones, and Bruce McClung, IEEE Paper # PCIC-98-35, 1998
Face shields: When you're face to face with arcing hazards, Hugh Hoagland,
Electrical World, June 1998
Staged Electrical Equipment Tests to Increase Awareness of Arc/Flash and Burn Hazards, Ray Jones, Mary Capelli-Schellpfeffer, MD, Bruce McClung, and Shahid Jamil, IEEE Paper # PCIC-97-34, 1997
Testing Update on Protective Clothing & Equipment for Electric Arc Exposure, Richard Doughty, Tom Neal, Terrace Dear & Allen Bingham, IEEE Paper # PCIC-97-35, 1997
Take the Guesswork Out of Arc Protective Clothing, Hugh Hoagland,
Electrical World, December 1996
Using Rainwear As Switching Jackets: A Reasonable Approach for Electric Utilities, Hugh Hoagland, Rural Electric Power Conference IEEE, April 1997 (IEEE # 0-7803-3973-8/97)
Winter Wear: It Must be Warm but Must it be Arc Protective?, Hugh Hoagland,
Electrical World, August 1997
Arc and Flash Burn Hazards at Various Levels of an Electrical System, Shahid Jamil, Ray Jones, and Bruce McClung, IEEE (IEEE# 0093-9994/97), 1997.
Testing Update on Protective Clothing Equipment for Electric Arc Exposure, Richard Doughty, Tom Neal, Terrace Dear & Allen Bingham, IEEE Paper # PCIC-97-35, 1997
Protective Clothing Guidelines for Electric Arc Exposure, Richard Doughty, Tom Neal, &
Allen Bingham, IEEE Paper # PCIC-96-34, 1997
Protection Against Exposure to Electric Arcs, Allen Clapp, DANESC UPDATE, Vol. 6 Number 2. [Available by calling (919) 782-7745], 1997
Protective Clothing: Save Your Skin, Catherine Morin,
Utility Safety, April 1998
PC Issues are Hot in the Electrical Utility Business, William Baitinger, Safety & Protective Fabrics, Jan/Feb, 1995.
Arc and Flash Burn Hazards at Various Levels of an Electrical System, Shahid Jamil, Ray A. Jones, L. Bruce McClung, IEEE Paper 0093-9994/97.
PC Issues are Hot in the Electrical Utility Business, William Baitinger, Safety & Protective Fabrics, Jan/Feb, 1995.
Flame Resistant Clothing for Use by Electric Utility Workers to Comply with OSHA's Apparel Standard, James Dedman, NRECA (National Rural Electric Cooperative Association), November 1995
General articles and books on clothing and burn injuries
FRW Handbook, Available from Peter Clark Associates, Inc. P.O. Box 4015 Edmondton, Alberta, Canada T6E4S8. Phone: (780) 439-2118.One of the most complete books on the clothing and fire. It contains the most complete list of flame resistant materials. Peter is a training consultant and a flash fire survivor offering a real perspective on flame resistant clothing.
The Flammability of Different Textiles and Its Influence on the Severity of Skin Burns, L. Pakkala, Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae, 69: 240-243, 1980.
The Clinical Consequences of an Industrial Aerosol Plant Explosion, David Hull, M.D. et. al., Vol. 25 No. 4, The Journal of Trauma, 1985.
Epidemiology of Flame Burn Injuries, Robert R. Byrom, et. al. Burns 1984, Vol. 11, 1-10.
Work-related Burns: a 6-year Retrospective Study, D. Ng, et. al. Burns 1991, Vol. 17, 151-154.
Standards
Standard Specification For Arc And Flame Resistant Rainwear, ASTM
(American Society for Testing Materials) F1891. Changes eliminate many melting FR materials.
Standard Test Method for Determining Arc Thermal Performance (Value) of Textile Materials for Clothing by Electric Arc Exposure Method Using Instrumented Sensor Panels
F1959 ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials).
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignitability of Clothing by Electric Arc Exposure Method Using a Mannequin
F1958 ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials).
Standard Specification for Arc and Flame Resistant Clothing ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) F1506
Standard Test Method for Determining the Arc Rating and
Standard Specification for Face Protective Products
ASTM
(American Society for Testing Materials) F2178
NFPA 70E: Standard for Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces, 2004 Edition
NFPA 70E: Handbook
The Electrical Safety Program Book
A User's Guide to Electrical PPE
IEEE Standards Website
OSHA Resource Links
OSHA official statement that harness used for fall protection is not officially "apparel" under the Apparel Standard
OSHA Reported Circuit Breaker Electric Arc Accidents
Proposed
Standards from Dave Wallis' Home Page
OSHA Search Page
OSHA 1910.269 [Apparel Section is (l)(6)(i-iii)]
Preamble to OSHA 1910.269. Background testimony for the Apparel Section.
OSHA Enforcement Guidelines for the apparel section (The Jim Stanley Letter)
OSHA interpretation letter on using short sleeved shirts
Letter of interpretation answering general questions on Apparel Section
Letter of interpretation answering general questions on clothing
There is also an OSHA Fact sheet on Clothing available from OSHA or we have it online here.
NIOSH Worker Deaths by Electrocution: A Summary of Surveillance Findings and Investigative Case Reports, May, 1998, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 98-131.
Call NIOSH at 1-800-35-NIOSH or visit their website at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pdfs/98-131.pdf
Though not a resource on arc directly, it should noted that many electrocutions include additional arc related injuries especially from igniited or melted clothing.
Electric Utility Resource Links
Allen Clapp at Clapp Research
Group -- Information related to the NESC. Allen is the
foremost leader in NESC (Utilities Version of NEC and NFPA 70E). Allen and
e-Hazard.com cooperate on
Joe Tedesco's NEC Inspection Page--Information related to the National Electrical Code.
FAR Incident Registry Program
The FAR Project for Electrical Incidents is designed to collect data for use in better understanding how injuries from the release of energy might be prevented when work is being done near electrical or stored energy sources.
The project was piloted in 1997 when Dr. Mary Capelli-Schellpfeffer was a faculty member of the University of Chicago Electrical Trauma Research Program.
Expanded in 1998 to encourage nationwide participation, the project completed its first annual survey on October 1, 1999. Data analysis is ongoing in 2000 as the project is applying for external funding. Click here for the FAR Electrical Accident Report form and info for
anonymously faxing information to add to this database.
Electrical Safety Workshop
The ESW from IEEE's PCIC group is my favorite workshop. Most of the PPT slides are available online for this recent conference. This is one of the most useful conferences I have attended. Some of the downloads are longer but well worth it.
Powerlineman.com a website dedicated to lineman safety and even has a chat room for line technicians. Especially check out the Safety Meeting Page!
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